Botanical identity
This taxon is documented in the World Checklist of Useful Plant Species with a reported medicinal use. The record establishes a use report and botanical index entry, not clinical effectiveness or individual safety.
KingdomPlantae
Phylum / divisionTracheophyta
ClassMagnoliopsida
OrderAquifoliales
FamilyAquifoliaceae
GenusIlex
Scientific name with authorshipIlex aquifolium L.
Indexed scientific synonyms
Aquifolium croceum Raf.Aquifolium ferox (Aiton) Mill.Aquifolium ferox (Aiton) Mill. ex Raf.Aquifolium heterophyllum Raf.Aquifolium ilex Scop.Aquifolium lanceolatum Raf.Aquifolium planifolium Raf.Aquifolium spinosum Lam.Aquifolium spinosum MoenchAquifolium undulatum Raf.Aquifolium vulgare St.-Lag.Ilex aquifolium f. albopicta (Loudon) GeerinckIlex aquifolium f. arbutifolia (T.Moore) Loes.Ilex aquifolium f. argentea-marginata (T.Moore) SchelleIlex aquifolium f. argenteomarginata Beissn.Ilex aquifolium f. aureomarginata Beissn.Ilex aquifolium f. aureopicta (Loudon) GeerinckIlex aquifolium f. bacciflavum (Weston) RehderIlex aquifolium f. ferox (Aiton) C.K.Schneid.Ilex aquifolium f. frivaldskyana Loes.Ilex aquifolium f. heterophylla (Aiton)Ilex aquifolium f. integrifolia NolteIlex aquifolium f. integrifolia Nolte ex Loes.Ilex aquifolium f. pendula (Loudon) SchelleIlex aquifolium f. pyramidalis SchelleIlex aquifolium subsp. laetevirens Sennen Exsicc.Ilex aquifolium subsp. pendula-variegata Van GeertIlex aquifolium var. acanthos Münchh.Ilex aquifolium var. albolineata T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. albomarginata LoudonIlex aquifolium var. albopicta LoudonIlex aquifolium var. alcicornis T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. algarviensis ChodatIlex aquifolium var. angustifolia LoudonIlex aquifolium var. arbutifolia T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-elegantissima T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-erecta T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-latifolia T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-longifolia T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-lucida T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-marginata T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-marginata-major T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-medio-picta T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-pectinata-major T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-pectinata-minor T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-pendula T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-purpurea T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-regina T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-stricta T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. argentea-varians T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. atrovirens T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. aureomarginata LoudonIlex aquifolium var. aureopicta LoudonIlex aquifolium var. bacciflavum WestonIlex aquifolium var. balearica (Desf.) Loes.Ilex aquifolium var. balearica T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. barcinonae PauIlex aquifolium var. beetii T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. belgica T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. bicolor T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. buxifolia Borkh.Ilex aquifolium var. calamistrata Göpp.Ilex aquifolium var. camelliifolia K.KochIlex aquifolium var. canadensis Göpp.Ilex aquifolium var. carnola Göpp.Ilex aquifolium var. chrysocarpa Loes., 1901Ilex aquifolium var. ciliata LoudonIlex aquifolium var. ciliata-major T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. ciliata-minor LoudonIlex aquifolium var. compacta T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. crassifolia AitonIlex aquifolium var. crassifolia Borkh.Ilex aquifolium var. crispa LoudonIlex aquifolium var. dipirena LaurentiusIlex aquifolium var. doningtonensis T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. echinata (Mill.) Münchh.Ilex aquifolium var. elegans Goepp.Ilex aquifolium var. elliptica T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. ferox AitonIlex aquifolium var. ferox-argentea LoudonIlex aquifolium var. ferox-aurea LoudonIlex aquifolium var. fisheri T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. foxii T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. fructu-albo LoudonIlex aquifolium var. fructu-aurantiaco T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. fructu-luteo LoudonIlex aquifolium var. fructu-nigro LoudonIlex aquifolium var. furcata LaurentiusIlex aquifolium var. grandifolia T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. handsworthensis T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. hastata T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. hendersonii T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. heterophylla AitonIlex aquifolium var. heterophylla Borkh.Ilex aquifolium var. heterophyllum Rchb.Ilex aquifolium var. hybrida T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. ingramii T.MooreIlex aquifolium var. integrifolia Goepp.Ilex aquifolium var. laetevirens SennenIlex aquifolium var. latifolia Loudon
Documented use categories
Medicine
Environmental use
Material
Poison reported
Social use
These categories describe the kinds of human-use reports attached to the taxon in the source checklist. Multiple categories can coexist; a plant may be recorded as both food and poison, depending on part, preparation and context.
How to interpret this record
Evidence boundary
A taxonomic use record is a discovery and indexing signal. Clinical evidence must be assessed separately for the exact species, plant part, preparation, route, dose and health question.
Safety boundary
Correct identification is essential. Toxicity, contraindications, interactions and safe preparation cannot be inferred from a documented-use record.
Dataset record and provenance
DatasetWCUPS 2020
LicenceCC BY 4.0
Name sourceIPNI
IPNI / external identifier83051-1
Use codesEU MA ME PO SU
Crop wild relativeNo
Contributing checklist sources
Kew Economic Botany CollectionEuropean Red List of Medicinal PlantsUSDA GRINMedicinal Plant Names Services v8.2
Read the full dataset citation, licence and import methodology →
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Educational index, not a treatment recommendation
The presence of a taxon in this database does not provide a diagnosis, dose, formulation or assurance of safety. Some indexed plants are toxic, regulated, endangered or unsafe in specific life stages.